Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in advanced head and neck cancer / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, which targets regulatory pathways in T cells to enhance antitumor immune responses, improves the life quality of cancer patients and has joined the ranks of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy to become a major choice for cancer therapy. Over the past few years, multiple exciting results have been obtained on checkpoint inhibitor therapy in advanced head and neck cancer. However, questions such as patient selection and biomarkers for assessing the therapy are largely unsolved. Herein, we briefly review recent findings in checkpoint inhibitor therapy for advanced head and neck cancer. We will also discuss possible mechanism, safety, combination therapy, and side effects for the therapy. Checkpoint inhibitor therapy has led to important clinical advances and will provide a new weapon against cancer.

Recombinant human Flt3 ligand exerts both direct and indirect effects on hematopoiesis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the direct effects of the Flt3 ligand (FL) on hematopoiesis, such as the stimulation of the formation of hematopoietic colonies and the proliferation of dendritic cells, as well as the indirect stimulation of hematopoiesis, especially via the proliferation of endothelial cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Mononuclear cells from human cord blood were plated in methylcellulose medium containing different cytokines to induce hematopoietic colony formation. Dendritic cells (DCs) were induced from the mononuclear cells with a cytokine cocktail with or without recombinant human soluble FL (rhFL; 100 ng/ml). The Flt3 receptors on the surface of a human microvascular endothelial cell line (ECV) were analyzed by flow cytometry. The proliferation of ECV stimulated by rhFL was measured with the microculture tetrazolium assay. The levels of FL, IL-6, IL-8, G-CSF and GM-CSF in the supernatant of ECV cultures were measured by enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>rhFL stimulates colony formation from cord blood when used as a sole stimulant. FL in combination with other cytokines increased colony formation significantly. The number of DCs was approximately 2.5 times higher when rhFL was used. rhFL stimulates the proliferation of ECV on which Flt3 receptors are expressed. Furthermore, ECV secretes FL, IL-6, IL-8, G-CSF and GM-CSF, which were augmented by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and rhFL.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>rhFL enhances hematopoietic colony formation and DC proliferation from human cord blood cells. FL not only stimulates the proliferation of ECV, but is also secreted by ECV. FL may exert direct and indirect effects on hematopoiesis.</p>

Low anterior resection of the rectum using single stapler instead of double stapler / 临床外科杂志

Objective To overcome disadvantage of double stapler technique in anterior resection of rectum.Method Using single stapleris combined with suture by hand.Results There is no fistula and no death in 52 cases of patients with carcinoma of middle rectum with above methods,and there is 4 fistula and no death in 41 caces of patients with carcinoma of middle rectum using suture by stapler(P

Influence of Standardized Deep Well Water on Morbidity and Mortality of Esophageal Cancer in Linzhou / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To observe the influence of standardized deep well water on mortality and morbidity of esophageal cancer (EC) in Linzhou. In order to test the hypothesis of "nitrogenous compound metabolised cycling" in etiology of EC. Methods Based on the investigation data collected in 1999 among which some data were from Linzhou Institute of Prevention and Treatment of EC. Three kinds of water were included, standardized deep well water(SDWW) from the well with the depth exceeding 100 meters ,finished time exceeding 6 years; unstandardized deep well water(UDWW) and mountain spring water(MSW). The mortality and morbidity of EC in the the related population. Results There were 281 458 villagers of 165 villages to drink SDWW, 183 289 villagers of 129 villages to drink UDWW and 45 274 villagers of 50 villages to drink MSW. The morbidity and mortality of EC significantly decreased in residents who drank the SDWW compared with those who drank the UDWW and MSW, P